Khushwant SinghTrain to Pakistan

The summer of the Partition of India in 1947 marked a season of bloodshed that stunned and horrified those living through the nightmare. Entire families were forced to abandon their land for resettlement to Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India. Once that fateful line was drawn in the sand, the threat of destruction became a reality of stunning proportions. Travelers clogged the roads on carts, on foot, but mostly on trains, where they perched precariously on the roofs, clung to the sides, wherever grasping fingers could find purchase. Muslim turned against Hindu, Hindu against Muslim, in their frantic effort to escape the encroaching massacre. But the violence followed the refugees. The farther from the cities they ran, the more the indiscriminate killing infected the countryside, only to collide again and again in a futile attempt to reach safety. Almost ten million people were assigned for relocation and by the end of this bloody chapter, nearly a million were slain. A particular brutality overtook the frenzied mobs, driven frantic by rage and fear. Women were raped before the anguished eyes of their husbands, entire families robbed, dismembered, murdered and thrown aside like garbage until the streets were cluttered with human carnage.The trains kept running. For many remote villages the supply trains were part of the clockwork of daily life, until even those over-burdened trains, off-schedule, pulled into the stations, silent, no lights or signs of humanity, their fateful cargo quiet as the grave. At first the villagers of tiny Mano Majra were unconcerned, complacent in their cooperative lifestyle, Hindu, Sikh, Muslim and quasi-Christian. Lulled by distance and a false sense of security, the villagers depended upon one another to sustain their meager quality of life, a balanced system that served everyone's needs. There had been rumors of the arrival of the silent "ghost trains" that moved quietly along the tracks, grinding slowly to a halt at the end of the line, filled with slaughtered refugees.When the first ghost train came to Mano Majra the villagers were stunned. Abandoning chores, they gathered on rooftops to watch in silent fascination. With the second train, they were ordered to participate in burying the dead before the approaching monsoons made burial impossible. But reality struck fear into their simple hearts when all the Muslims of Mano Majra were ordered to evacuate immediately, stripped of property other than what they could carry. The remaining Hindus and Sikhs were ordered to prepare for an attack on the next train to Pakistan, with few weapons other than clubs and spears. The soldiers controlled the arms supply and would begin the attack with a volley of shots. When the people realized that this particular train would be carrying their own former friends and neighbors, they too were caught, helpless in the iron fist of history, save one disreputable (Hindu) dacoit whose intended (Muslim) wife sat among her fellow refugees. The story builds impressive steam as it lurches toward destiny, begging for the relief of action. In the end, the inevitable collision of conscience and expediency looms like a nacreous cloud above the hearts of these unsophisticated men, a mere slender thread of hope creating unbearable tension.I was impressed with the power of Singh's timeless narrative, as the characters are propelled toward a shattering climax, as potentially devastating as any incomprehensible actions of mankind's penchant for destruction. I was struck also, by the irony: how the proliferation of a rail system that infused previously unknown economic growth potential to formerly remote areas, also became the particular transport of Death. Only a few years earlier, a rail system in another part of the world carried innumerable Jews to Hitler's ovens, another recent barbaric use of Progress, originally intended to further enrich the potential accomplishments of the human race.

Train to Pakistan Book ReviewTrain to Pakistan is a work of fiction, but events that are subject of this book are not too well known in the West in general and the United States in particular. Therefore, for the benefit of those who may not be familiar with the events and the time period which are the subjects of the book, it must be explained that the book describes events that did happen in real life. Thus the book is a fictionalized version of a certain period of history of the sub-continent of India.Therefore, I believe, that a certain introduction to that period is called for. Lord Louis Mountbatten presided over the departure of the British from India(see "Freedom at Midnight") and, the resulting subdivision into two countries we know today: India and Pakistan. The partition of the country was along geographic religious majority lines, ostensibly, and yet it was somewhat arbitrary.Joseph Stalin said that death of one man is a tragedy but a million deaths were a statistic. The partitions of British India dislocated over ten million people and close to a million were assassinated systematically in one of the worst sectarian violences in human historyThe author a British-educated lawyer has described the mass killings along religious lines in Train to Pakistan. It is an easy read. The lack of in depth knowledge of culture and history of the subcontinent do not in any way lessen the impact of the events in the book. The characters are true representation of people who could, and did, belong there and events are fictionalized version of real-life events. One is inescapably reminded of Anatoli Kuznetsov's Babi Yar. Both describe events that happened in the same decade, 1940s, except one was in the West and the other halfway around the world in the East; one was political killings, the other religious. Both the books describe genocide and senseless mass killings for the sake of killing.The copy of the book that I received, as my purchase, a Roli Books printing, though, leaves something to be deisred in quality of printing. Black and white photographs are by the late Margaret Bourke-White of Time Life. The photographs enhance the 50-year issue of the book immeasurably in that they destroy any last and lingering skepticism that the reader might harbor that such mass human sectarian atrocities couldn't be true. Both books attest to man's endless capacity for inhumanity to man.